Nautical charts are essential tools for safe navigation, providing mariners with detailed information about marine environments. These charts come in several types, each suited to specific navigational needs and conditions.
1. General Charts
General charts offer a broad overview of large sea areas, typically at scales of 1:150,000 or smaller. They are ideal for long-distance planning and ocean crossings, helping mariners understand the relationship between distant ports and major sea routes.
2. Coastal Charts
At scales ranging from 1:50,000 to 1:150,000, coastal charts provide more detail for navigating along coastlines. They include information on inlets, bays, and coastal features. These charts are commonly used when sailing within sight of land and for entering larger harbors.
3. Approach Charts
Used when approaching a port or navigating through busy traffic areas, approach charts typically have scales between 1:20,000 and 1:50,000. They detail channels, hazards, buoys, and other aids to navigation, making them vital for safe port entry.
4. Harbor Charts
With scales larger than 1:20,000, harbor charts are the most detailed. They show docks, piers, moorings, and underwater features, allowing for precise maneuvering in tight spaces. These are crucial for berthing and harbor navigation.
5. Special Purpose Charts
These include planning charts, bathymetric charts, and training charts, used for specific functions like route planning, studying seafloor contours, or educational purposes.
When to Use Them
The type of chart to use depends on your position and stage of voyage. General charts are for broad planning; coastal charts for nearshore navigation; approach and harbor charts for detailed port entry. Knowing when and how to use each type ensures safe and effective navigation.
The Tyneside is proudly designated as the appointed distributor for the British Admiralty and South African Navy Hydrographic Office in South Africa. In addition to this esteemed role, we serve as the official distributor for the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU).
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